瀝青混凝土是一種在道路建設(shè)等領(lǐng)域廣泛應(yīng)用的復(fù)合材料，以下是關(guān)于它的詳細(xì)介紹：

Asphalt concrete is a composite material widely used in road construction and other fields. The following is a detailed introduction about it:

組成材料

Composition materials

瀝青：是瀝青混凝土的膠結(jié)材料，具有良好的粘性、塑性和防水性。常用的有石油瀝青和煤瀝青等，石油瀝青因性能優(yōu)越應(yīng)用更為廣泛。根據(jù)來源、性質(zhì)和用途不同，瀝青有多種標(biāo)號(hào)，如 70 號(hào)、90 號(hào)等，標(biāo)號(hào)反映了瀝青的針入度等性能指標(biāo)，數(shù)字越大，瀝青越軟，針入度越大。

Asphalt: It is a bonding material for asphalt concrete, with good viscosity, plasticity, and waterproofness. Commonly used are petroleum asphalt and coal tar pitch, among which petroleum asphalt is more widely used due to its superior performance. According to different sources, properties, and uses, asphalt has various grades, such as 70, 90, etc. The grade reflects the performance indicators such as penetration of asphalt. The larger the number, the softer the asphalt and the higher the penetration.

集料：包括粗集料和細(xì)集料。粗集料一般采用碎石、破碎礫石等，粒徑通常大于 2.36mm，為瀝青混凝土提供骨架支撐，增強(qiáng)結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性。細(xì)集料有天然砂、機(jī)制砂等，粒徑小于 2.36mm，填充粗集料間隙，使瀝青混凝土更加密實(shí)，提高整體性能。

Aggregate: including coarse aggregate and fine aggregate. Coarse aggregate is generally made of crushed stone, broken gravel, etc., with a particle size usually greater than 2.36mm, providing skeleton support for asphalt concrete, enhancing structural strength and stability. Fine aggregates include natural sand, machine-made sand, etc., with a particle size of less than 2.36mm. They fill the gaps between coarse aggregates to make asphalt concrete denser and improve overall performance.

礦粉：一般是石灰?guī)r等堿性石料經(jīng)磨細(xì)得到的細(xì)粉，它與瀝青相互作用，形成具有較高粘結(jié)力的瀝青膠漿，填充集料孔隙，提高瀝青混凝土的密實(shí)度和粘結(jié)性，對其耐久性等性能有重要影響。

Mineral powder: It is generally a fine powder obtained by grinding alkaline stone materials such as limestone. It interacts with asphalt to form an asphalt emulsion with high bonding strength, filling aggregate pores, improving the compactness and bonding of asphalt concrete, and has an important impact on its durability and other properties.

分類

classification

按集料最大粒徑分類

Classified by maximum particle size of aggregate

特粗式瀝青混凝土：集料最大粒徑可達(dá) 37.5mm 或更大，常用于基層或下面層，具有較高的承載能力和抗變形能力。

Ultra coarse asphalt concrete: The maximum particle size of the aggregate can reach 37.5mm or larger, commonly used in the base or lower layer, with high bearing capacity and deformation resistance.

粗粒式瀝青混凝土：集料最大粒徑為 26.5mm 或 31.5mm，適用于道路的下面層或基層，能承受較大的車輛荷載。

Coarse grained asphalt concrete: The maximum particle size of aggregate is 26.5mm or 31.5mm, suitable for the lower layer or base of roads, and can withstand large vehicle loads.

中粒式瀝青混凝土：集料最大粒徑為 16mm 或 19mm，是路面中常用的類型，兼顧了強(qiáng)度、穩(wěn)定性和表面平整度，可用于道路的中面層或上面層。

Medium grained asphalt concrete: with a maximum aggregate size of 16mm or 19mm, it is a commonly used type in road surfaces that balances strength, stability, and surface smoothness. It can be used for the middle or upper layer of roads.

細(xì)粒式瀝青混凝土：集料最大粒徑為 9.5mm 或 13.2mm，主要用于道路上面層，能提供較好的表面平整度和抗滑性能，降低噪音。

Fine grained asphalt concrete: The maximum particle size of the aggregate is 9.5mm or 13.2mm, mainly used for the upper layer of roads, which can provide good surface smoothness and anti-skid performance, and reduce noise.

砂粒式瀝青混凝土：集料最大粒徑小于 9.5mm，常用于非機(jī)動(dòng)車道、人行道或薄層罩面等。

Sand based asphalt concrete: The maximum particle size of the aggregate is less than 9.5mm, commonly used for non motorized vehicle lanes, sidewalks, or thin layer coverings.

按級(jí)配類型分類

Classified by Grading Type

連續(xù)級(jí)配瀝青混凝土：集料顆粒由大到小連續(xù)分布，按一定比例組成，如 AC 型（密級(jí)配瀝青混凝土），其級(jí)配曲線連續(xù)圓滑，具有良好的密實(shí)性和穩(wěn)定性，是最常用的瀝青混凝土類型。

Continuous graded asphalt concrete: The aggregate particles are continuously distributed from large to small and composed in a certain proportion, such as AC type (dense graded asphalt concrete), whose grading curve is continuous and smooth, with good compactness and stability, and is the most commonly used type of asphalt concrete.

間斷級(jí)配瀝青混凝土：在級(jí)配中剔除了某些粒徑范圍的集料，形成不連續(xù)的級(jí)配曲線，如 SMA（瀝青瑪蹄脂碎石混合料），這種類型能形成更緊密的骨架結(jié)構(gòu)，具有更好的抗滑、抗車轍和耐久性等性能。

Intermittent graded asphalt concrete: In the grading process, certain particle size ranges of aggregates are removed to form discontinuous grading curves, such as SMA (asphalt mastic crushed stone mixture), which can form a tighter skeleton structure and have better anti slip, anti rutting, and durability properties.

性能特點(diǎn)

Performance characteristics

力學(xué)性能好：具有較高的抗壓強(qiáng)度、抗剪強(qiáng)度和抗彎拉強(qiáng)度，能承受車輛荷載的反復(fù)作用，不易出現(xiàn)變形、開裂等損壞現(xiàn)象，保證道路的使用壽命。

Good mechanical performance: It has high compressive strength, shear strength, and flexural tensile strength, can withstand the repeated action of vehicle loads, is not prone to deformation, cracking, and other damage, and ensures the service life of the road.

表面平整：施工后能形成平整、密實(shí)的表面，為車輛行駛提供良好的條件，減少行車顛簸，提高行車舒適性和安全性，同時(shí)降低車輛行駛時(shí)的噪音。

Surface smoothness: After construction, a smooth and dense surface can be formed, providing good conditions for vehicle driving, reducing driving bumps, improving driving comfort and safety, and reducing vehicle noise during driving.

防水性能優(yōu)異：瀝青的粘性和憎水性使瀝青混凝土具有良好的防水性能，能有效阻止雨水等滲入路面結(jié)構(gòu)層，保護(hù)路基和基層不受水的侵蝕，提高道路結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性。

Excellent waterproof performance: The viscosity and hydrophobicity of asphalt make asphalt concrete have good waterproof performance, which can effectively prevent rainwater and other substances from infiltrating the pavement structure layer, protect the roadbed and base layer from water erosion, and improve the stability of the road structure.

抗滑性能良好：通過合理選擇集料和級(jí)配設(shè)計(jì)，可使瀝青混凝土表面具有一定的粗糙度，提供足夠的摩擦力，保證車輛在不同天氣條件下的制動(dòng)和行駛安全。

Good anti-skid performance: By selecting aggregates and gradation design reasonably, the surface of asphalt concrete can have a certain roughness, provide sufficient friction, and ensure the braking and driving safety of vehicles under different weather conditions.

耐久性強(qiáng)：在正常使用條件下，能抵抗自然因素（如陽光、雨水、溫度變化等）和車輛荷載的長期作用，不易老化、松散和損壞，具有較長的使用壽命，一般可達(dá) 10 年至 20 年，具體取決于材料質(zhì)量、施工質(zhì)量和使用環(huán)境等因素。

Strong durability: Under normal usage conditions, it can resist the long-term effects of natural factors (such as sunlight, rain, temperature changes, etc.) and vehicle loads, is not easy to age, loosen, and damage, and has a long service life, generally up to 10 to 20 years, depending on factors such as material quality, construction quality, and usage environment.

制備與施工

Preparation and Construction

制備：首先將集料進(jìn)行加熱烘干，去除水分，然后按照設(shè)計(jì)配合比將加熱后的集料、礦粉與適量的熱瀝青在瀝青拌合站中充分?jǐn)嚢杌旌希纬删鶆虻臑r青混凝土混合料。在攪拌過程中，要嚴(yán)格控制溫度、攪拌時(shí)間和各材料的用量，以保證混合料的質(zhì)量。

Preparation: Firstly, heat and dry the aggregate to remove moisture. Then, according to the designed mix proportion, mix the heated aggregate, mineral powder, and an appropriate amount of hot asphalt thoroughly in the asphalt mixing plant to form a uniform asphalt concrete mixture. During the mixing process, it is necessary to strictly control the temperature, mixing time, and dosage of each material to ensure the quality of the mixture.

施工：包括攤鋪和碾壓兩個(gè)主要環(huán)節(jié)。攤鋪時(shí)，使用攤鋪機(jī)將瀝青混凝土混合料均勻地?cái)備佋诨鶎由?，控制好攤鋪厚度和平整度。隨后，用壓路機(jī)進(jìn)行碾壓，一般先采用鋼輪壓路機(jī)靜壓，使混合料初步穩(wěn)定，再用振動(dòng)壓路機(jī)進(jìn)行振動(dòng)碾壓，提高密實(shí)度，最后用膠輪壓路機(jī)進(jìn)行終壓，消除輪跡，使路面表面更加平整。施工過程中，要根據(jù)混合料的特性、環(huán)境溫度等因素合理選擇壓路機(jī)的類型、碾壓速度和遍數(shù)。

Construction: includes two main stages: paving and rolling. When paving, use a paver to evenly spread the asphalt concrete mixture on the base layer, controlling the paving thickness and flatness. Subsequently, a roller is used for compaction. Generally, a steel wheel roller is first used for static pressure to stabilize the mixture, and then a vibrating roller is used for vibration compaction to improve compactness. Finally, a rubber wheel roller is used for final compaction to eliminate wheel marks and make the road surface smoother. During the construction process, the type of roller, rolling speed, and number of passes should be reasonably selected based on the characteristics of the mixture, environmental temperature, and other factors.

瀝青混凝土廣泛應(yīng)用于高速公路、城市道路、機(jī)場跑道、停車場等工程領(lǐng)域，是現(xiàn)代交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)中不可或缺的材料。

Asphalt concrete is widely used in engineering fields such as highways, urban roads, airport runways, and parking lots, and is an indispensable material in modern transportation infrastructure construction.

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